ABSTRACT
Introduction: Coagulopathy is commonly seen with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Abnormal coagulation parameters are important to determine the prognosis and severity of the disease. There is scant evidence of coagulation in the Omicron variant of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyse the correlation between D-dimer level and clinical severity among 284 hospitalised patients with COVID in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 284 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Wisma Atlet Kemayoran COVID-19 Emergency Hospital between August 2021 and January 2022. D-dimer levels were determined on I-Chroma cs2100 and x-rays were taken with a Rotanode E7239X. p<0.05 was defined as statistically significant. The analytics were calculated using SPSS ver. 21. Results: Elevated D-dimer was discovered in 175 patients with the Omicron variant of COVID-19 (61.61%). Radiological signs of pneumonia were found in 38 patients (13.3%). Only one patient (0.35% severity rate) was diagnosed with a severe clinical case. A correlation was identified between an elevated D-dimer level and radiological signs of pneumonia in the Omicron variant of COVID-19 (p=0.045). Conclusion: The Omicron variant of COVID-19 tends to generate milder symptoms and less severe cases. Elevated D-dimer can be one of the signs of severity in the Omicron variant of COVID-19 due to its correlation with radiological signs of pneumonia. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Various types of vaccines are being developed and tested for SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes spike glycoproteins, plays essential roles in virus attachment and entry into the host cell. The surface location of the spike glycoprotein has been the main target for the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 which have been proven effective in generating neutralizing. This study aim was to summarise base on vaccination activities that have been carried out after one year of Covid-19 cases taking place in Europe, especially in Germany. Many study suggests that vaccinations prevented Covid-19 infections. Study from Germany found a connection between high vaccination rates and comparatively low excess mortality. A series of vaccines based on the spike glycoprotein has been tested with clinical success and has been shown to be efficient enough to protect individuals. Among the Covid-19 vaccines applied in Germany, the two mRNA vaccines appear more effective and safer than the vector vaccines. All vaccines approved in Germany use the spike glycoprotein as the active immunogenic agent. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.